New Star Software Collection/NSS_Collection.iso/3-069 qemm 603/1.ima/QEMM-MAN/CH3.QEM

Text File | 1991-10-07 | 32.5 KB | 725 lines

Chapter3

The QEMM.SYS Program

This chapter is the reference guide for the command line
parameters used with QEMM386.SYS. Since QEMM386.SYS configures
itself as it thinks appropriate for your system, you should not
have to use the commands in this chapter unless you want to fine-
tune your memory configuration or you are experiencing problems.

To use a QEMM386.SYS command line parameter you type the
parameter name on the same line as DEVICE=QEMM386.SYS in your
CONFIG.SYS file. You may use an abbreviation instead of the
parameter name. The abbreviation for each QEMM386.SYS command
line parameter is shown below in parentheses after each parameter
name. For example, the QEMM386.SYS command line with the RAM and
ROM parameters set, looks like:

        DEVICE=QEMM386.SYS RAM ROM=C000

IMPORTANT: Do not put spaces within a parameter. In the example
above,  make sure that you do not have a space before or after
the = sign in ROM=C000. Also, all of the parameters must be typed
on the same line as DEVICE=QEMM386.SYS.

There are three categories of QEMM386.SYS parameters: frequently
used parameters, fine-tuning parameters, and parameters to try
when QEMM does not work. Note there is often no good way of
knowing that a parameter will help your situation~dash~you will
have to
experiment.

Most frequently used QEMM386.SYS command line parameters are:

~Item~ RAM or RAM=xxxx-yyyy puts RAM everywhere or in the range
specified. The RAM parameter must be set if you want to run TSRs,
drivers or DOS resources in high memory.

~Item~ ROM, ROM=xxxx or ROM=xxxx-yyyy puts ROM everywhere or in
the range specified. Specifying ROM usually provides better
performance since RAM is often faster than ROM.

~Item~ INCLUDE=xxxx-yyyy, (I), considers the range specified
mappable.

~Item~ EXCLUDE=xxxx-yyyy, (X), considers the range specified
unmappable.

QEMM-386 command line parameters to use when fine-tuning your
memory include:

~Item~ HELP displays all QEMM386.SYS parameters and a one line
description of what each does.

~Item~ ? displays a list of all QEMM386.SYS command line
parameters and where appropriate the abbreviation for the
parameter.

~Item~ ADAPTERRAM=xxxx-yyyy, (ARAM), indicates that an adapter
has RAM in the range specified.

~Item~ ADAPTERROM=xxxx-yyyy, (AROM), indicates that an adapter
has ROM in the range specified.

~Item~ AUTO, (AU), sets QEMM to turn on if necessary.

~Item~ COMPAQEGAROM, (CER), relocates Compaq's video ROM.

~Item~ COMPAQHALFROM, (CHR), splits Compaq's system ROM in half.

~Item~ COMPAQROMMEMORY, (CRM), uses Compaq ROM memory.

~Item~ DOS4, (D4), alters EMS page ordering for DOS 4.00.

~Item~ EMBMEM=XXXXX,(EMB), sets the maximum amount of memory that
a program which uses the extended memory specification (XMS),
will see as available.

~Item~ EXTMEM=xxxxx, (EXT), specifies the amount of extended
memory which should not be used by QEMM.

~Item~ FORCEEMS, (FEMS), allows EMS calls when there is no page
frame.

~Item~ FRAME=xxxx, (FR), sets the page frame location (either a
segment or NONE).

~Item~ FRAMELENGTH=x, (FL), sets size of page frame.

~Item~ HMAMIN=xx, sets the minimum size of the HMA (0-63K).

~Item~ INCLUDE386, (I386), a variation of INCLUDE for use in
MCA.ADL files.

~Item~ MAPS=xx, (MA), sets the number of alternate register sets.

~Item~ MEMORY=xxxxx, (ME) or (MEM),  specifies the 80386 extended
memory that QEMM uses both for itself and as expanded memory.

~Item~ NOEMS, tells QEMM not to be an expanded memory manager.

~Item~ NOPAUSEONERROR, (NOPE), does not pause on error.

~Item~ NOVIDEORAM, (NVR), excludes video RAM from use as high
RAM.

~Item~ NOWINDOWS3,(NW3), disables the features built into
QEMM-386 which support the running of Windows 3.0 in protected
modes.

~Item~ OFF, (OF), turns QEMM off.

~Item~ ON, turns QEMM on.

~Item~ PAUSE, pauses while parsing commands.

~Item~ VIDRAMEGA, (VREGA), excludes video RAM area from being
mapped.

~Item~ VIDRAMEMS, (VREMS), fills video RAM but excludes its use
as DOS memory or high RAM.

~Item~ WATCHDOG=[0,1,2], (WD), sets the type of watchdog timer.

QEMM386.SYS command line parameters that should only be used when
experiencing problems include:

~Item~ COMPAQ386S, (C386S), identifies your PC as a Compaq 386S.

~Item~ DISKBUF=xx, (DB), specifies the size in K of the disk
buffer to use to handle SCSI disk drives.

~Item~ DMA=xx, (DM), sets the size of the DMA buffer.

~Item~ DONTUSEXMS, (DUX), prevents QEMM from making XMS calls to
an XMS driver.

~Item~ GETSIZE (GS), an internal parameter used by OPTIMIZE.

~Item~ HANDLES=xxx, (HA), sets the number of EMS handles.

~Item~ IGNOREA20, (IA), does not trap the 8042.

~Item~ IOTRAP=xx, modifies QEMM's monitoring of I/O Port
addresses.

~Item~ LABEL (LB), an internal parameter used by OPTIMIZE.

~Item~ LOCKDMA (LD), modifies interrupt enable behavior.

~Item~ NOCOMPAQFEATURES, (NCF), disables use of EGAROM, HALFROM,
and ROMMEMORY on a Compaq computer.

~Item~ NOFILL, (NO), does not fill conventional memory.

~Item~ NOHMA, instructs QEMM to consider the HMA already
allocated.

~Item~ NOROM, (NR), does not map the reboot page of the system
ROM.

~Item~ NOROMHOLES, (NRH), does not look for holes in the system
ROM.

~Item~ NOSHADOWRAM, (NOSH), does not use Shadow RAM.

~Item~ NOSORT, (NS), does not sort memory.

~Item~ NOTOKENRING, (NTR), inhibits alternate method of detecting
a Token Ring Adapter.

~Item~ NOTOPMEMORY, (NT), does not look for top memory.

~Item~ NOVDS, disables support of the Virtual DMA Services
specification.

~Item~ NOVIDEOFILL, (NV), does not fill video memory.

~Item~ NOXBDA, (NX), does not move the extended BIOS data area.

~Item~ NOXMS, instructs QEMM to not be an extended memory
manager.

~Item~ OLDDV, (ODV), tells QEMM that you are running DESQview 1.3
or 2.00.

~Item~ REGION, (R), an internal parameter used by OPTIMIZE.

~Item~ TASKS=xx, (TA), sets the interrupt nesting level.

~Item~ UNUSUAL8042, (U8),  tells QEMM that your 8042 is
non-standard.

~Item~ UNUSUALEXT, (UX), tells QEMM that the method of
determining the amount of extended memory is non-standard.

~Subhead~ Most Used Parameters

Described below are the QEMM386.SYS command line parameters that
you  use most frequently.

~Item~ RAM or RAM=xxxx-yyyy specifies that QEMM should "fill in"
areas of memory above 640K and below 1024K which do not have ROM
or adapter RAM in them and are not in the page frame. These areas
can then be used by the LOADHI programs and DESQview's XDV
program. You may specify RAM without the address range xxxx-yyyy
and let QEMM automatically use all  appropriate memory addresses.
If RAM is specified, QEMM's initial state is forced ON and cannot
be overridden.

~Item~ ROM, ROM=xxxx or ROM=xxxx-yyyy specifies areas of ROM
which should be copied to RAM and then mapped into the same
place. xxxx and yyyy are hexadecimal numbers which specify the
address range which should be copied. Specifying ROM usually
results in the ROM code running much faster since RAM is often
faster than ROM. For example, to have the system BIOS ROM mapped
into RAM you would use ROM=F000-FFFF. To map an EGA ROM use
ROM=C000 as in the last example, only specify the starting
address and let QEMM determine the size of the ROM. You may
specify ROM without the address range xxxx-yyyy and let QEMM map
all ROMs. If ROM is specified, QEMM's initial state is forced ON
and cannot be overridden.

~Item~ INCLUDE=xxxx-yyyy, (I), specifies an area of memory which
should be under the control of QEMM. xxxx and yyyy are
hexadecimal numbers which specify the address range (xxxx-yyyy)
which should be included. xxxx should be a multiple of 4K. Under
normal conditions, QEMM automatically detects all usable areas.
This parameter is most frequently used based on suggestions made
by the QEMM Analysis procedure (see Chapter 4, The QEMM.COM
Program, page 33). Another use is if you wanted to have QEMM use
an unused video area, such as the color area when using a VGA
with a monochrome monitor, then INCLUDE=B800-BFFF would be
appropriate. The INCLUDE and EXCLUDE options are processed
sequentially, so it is possible to EXCLUDE an area and then
INCLUDE a part of it later on the command line.

~Item~ EXCLUDE=xxxx-yyyy, (X), specifies an area of memory in the
first megabyte which should not be under the control of
QEMM386.SYS. You only need to specify an excluded region if
QEMM386.SYS cannot automatically detect it. xxxx and yyyy are
hexadecimal numbers which specify the address range (xxxx-yyyy)
which should be excluded. xxxx should be a multiple of 4K. For
example, if you have a network adapter that uses 16K of memory at
address CC00, then you would use EXCLUDE=CC00-CFFF. You may
specify multiple ranges by using EXCLUDE several times.


 Note that QEMM needs at least 64K of contiguous memory above
640K (A000 to F000) for a page frame, so care must be taken to
leave at least 64K free in this area. If a 64K area can not be
found above 640K, then 576K (9000) will be automatically selected
by
QEMM386.SYS. If selected, the 9000 address will reduce the amount
of memory available to DOS by 64K. (See also Page 19 for more
information about the FRAME command line parameter.)

~Subhead~ Fine-tuning Parameters

 QEMM386.SYS command line parameters that you use in fine-tuning
your memory are listed below.

~Item~ HELP displays all QEMM386.SYS parameters and a one line
description of what each does.

~Item~ ? displays a list of all QEMM386.SYS command line
parameters and where appropriate the abbreviation for the
parameter.

~Item~ ADAPTERRAM=xxxx-yyyy, (ARAM), identifies an area of memory
as having RAM from an adapter of some sort, usually a network
adapter, 3270 adapter, or some other special device. Normally
QEMM automatically finds these areas, but with some adapters may
not be able to. If it does not, then you use this switch to
specify the type of memory in this area. These devices usually
use this RAM to provide very high performance by allowing the PC
to access some memory on the adapter as though it is part of the
computer's memory. These areas must NOT be used as high RAM. The
ADAPTERRAM switch is just like EXCLUDE, except that the QEMM.COM
Type display will show the area as "Adapter RAM" rather than as
"Excluded".

~Item~ ADAPTERROM=xxxx-yyyy, (AROM), identifies an area of memory
as having ROM from an adapter of some sort. This ROM area is
usually from a network adapter, 3270 adapter, video adapter, or
some other special device. Normally QEMM automatically finds
these areas, but with some adapters it may not be able to. If it
does not, then you use this switch to specify the type of memory
in this area. The ROM for the adapter might not be visible to
QEMM when it is looking for ROM. This switch ensures that QEMM
will not allow the area to be mappable, and thus it will not
place high RAM into the area. If the ROM is seen by QEMM and the
ROM switch also appears, then the adapter ROM will be mapped to
RAM to speed up access to the ROM. Specifying ADAPTERROM is more
like EXCLUDE, but allows you to document the excluded area for
yourself.

~Item~ AUTO or ON or OFF, (AU or ON or OF), controls whether QEMM
puts the system into virtual 8086 mode and how expanded memory
should be handled. AUTO (AU) specifies that QEMM should turn ON
when a program needs expanded memory. ON specifies that expanded
memory is available and the processor is in virtual 8086 mode.
OFF (OF) specifies that expanded memory is not available and the
processor is in real mode. If you do not specify any of these
three parameters, AUTO is used. We recommend that you use AUTO
unless you have a specific reason for setting the initial state
to ON or OFF.

 Note that if the RAM or ROM parameters are specified, the
initial state is automatically set to ON, and may not be turned
OFF.

~Item~ COMPAQEGAROM, (CER), relocates Compaq's video ROM. Compaq
computers automatically copy the slow EGA or VGA ROM which is
addressed at C000 to fast memory addressed at E000. QEMM386.SYS
reverses this process to increase the amount of high memory on
Compaq computers. It also automatically maps RAM into the
addresses of ROM at C000 to increase the ROM speed. When
QEMM386.SYS detects a Compaq 386, QEMM386.SYS will use
COMPAQEGAROM (CER) as a default. If you want to shut it off,
specify NOCOMPAQFEATURES (NCF) on the QEMM386.SYS command line.

~Item~ COMPAQHALFROM, (CHR), splits Compaq's system ROM in half.
Most Compaq 386 computers have two halves to their system ROM.
The two halves are addressed at F000-F7FF and F800-FFFF. These
addresses contain redundant information. QEMM386.SYS splits the
ROM to make the redundant section useful for high memory. When
QEMM386.SYS detects a Compaq 386, QEMM386.SYS sets COMPAQHALFROM
(CRM) as a default. If you want to shut this off, specify
NOCOMPAQFEATURES (NCF) on the QEMM386.SYS command line.

~Item~ COMPAQROMMEMORY, (CRM), uses Compaq ROM memory. Compaq
Deskpro 386 computers reserve 128K of high memory addresses to
speed up the system ROM and the EGA ROM. QEMM386.SYS can both
speed up the system ROM (using its ROM parameter) and make these
high memory addresses available to load TSRs, device drivers, and
DOS resources, using its LOADHI programs. When QEMM detects a
Compaq 386, QEMM will use COMPAQROMMEMORY (CRM) as a default. If
you want to turn this parameter off, you must specify
NOCOMPAQFEATURES (NCF).

~Item~ DOS4, (D4),  alters EMS page ordering for DOS 4.00. You
use DOS4 only with PC-DOS version 4.00 and when using its /X
instruction. DOS4 instructs QEMM386.SYS to deviate from the EMS
4.0 specification enough to accommodate bugs in early versions of
PC-DOS 4.0, which do not strictly adhere to the EMS 4.00
specification. If you are using PC-DOS 4.00 we recommend you not
use the /X switch to BUFFERS, VDISK, and FASTOPEN.

~Item~ EMBMEM=xxxxx,(EMB), sets the maximum amount of memory that
a program which uses the extended memory specification (XMS) will
see as available. the xxxxx defines the amount of extended
memory, in K, which will be seen. The default is 12288K (12
Meg.). This parameter can be used to prevent Windows 3.0 from
taking control of all extended memory, so that programs which
allocate memory through the Virtual Control Program Interface
(VCPI) or Expanded Memory (EMS), can find memory available while
running in Windows 3.0 in Standard mode.

~Item~ EXTMEM=xxxxx, (EXT), specifies the amount of extended
memory which should not be used by QEMM386.SYS. The xxxxx must be
in the range 1 to 31744 representing an allocation of 1K to
31744K. This parameter is useful when using RAM disks and disk
caches which use extended memory, since you can ask QEMM to
"leave alone" the memory needed. If the EXTMEM parameter is
omitted, QEMM leaves no extended memory and uses all it can find.
The EXTMEM and MEMORY parameters have opposite meanings. The
EXTMEM means "leave at least this much memory". MEMORY means "use
as much as this much memory".

~Item~ FORCEEMS, (FEMS), instructs QEMM to allow EMS memory
requests to be honored. Use this parameter only if you have used
the FRAMELENGTH parameter (see below) with a value less than
four. This will allow programs limited access to expanded memory
even without a full page frame. Be aware that some programs which
use expanded memory may not work with a partial or missing page
frame if you use this option.

~Item~ FRAME=xxxx, (FR), specifies the page frame address, which
is the address of the beginning of the 64K segment through which
expanded memory is mapped according to the EMS specification.
Typical locations for xxxx are: C000, C400, C800, CC00, D000,
D400, D800, DC00, or E000. In unusual cases A000 may be used if
no free area can be found and you have a monochrome or CGA video
adapter card. A 64K area of memory should be available at one of
these addresses to in order to provide EMS capabilities. If the
FRAME parameter is omitted, the value of xxxx is chosen by QEMM
according to your hardware configuration. We recommend that you
not set FRAME except when QEMM's automatic choice of a base
address fails because of a hardware conflict that QEMM can't
detect. If there are no satisfactory addresses available, QEMM
still can be used for memory filling, sorting, high RAM filling,
multitasking and ROM mapping, but not as an expanded memory
manager, by specifying FRAME=NONE.

~Item~ FRAMELENGTH=x, (FL), instructs QEMM to assume a page frame
containing x pages, where x is a number from 0 to 4. Setting x to
zero is equivalent to not having a page frame at all. See also
FRAME=NONE. Setting x to four is equivalent to the EMS standard.
Normally a page frame is established by the expanded memory
manager and consists of four 16K pages. With this parameter, QEMM
allows you to free up one or more of these pages for use as high
RAM. Or, you can use this option with FORCEEMS if you have
programs which can make use of expanded memory in the absence of
a page frame, or with a partial page frame. This can be important
if none of your high memory areas is large enough for a standard
size page frame. See also FORCEEMS and NOEMS.

~Item~ HMAMIN=xx, specifies the minimum amount of memory that a
program which uses the XMS High Memory Area (HMA) can request.
Since only one program can use the HMA but several programs might
want to use it, this parameter only allows a program which uses
at least xxK of memory in the HMA. The parameter is not necessary
if you have only one program which uses the HMA, such as
DESQview. xx must be in the range 1-63.

~Item~ INCLUDE386, (I386), is identical to the INCLUDE switch. It
is available to be added to the MCA.ADL file as a QEMM-386
specific switch which will not be recognized as a parameter by
QEMM-50/60. use this in situations where the same MCA.ADL file
must be read and processed by both QEMM-386 and QEMM-50/60 and
the I386 value is not appropriate to QEMM/50-60.

~Item~ MAPS=xxx, (MA), specifies the number of alternate maps
which are available. xxx must be in the range 0 to 255. Each map
uses 4K of extended memory. Alternate maps are used by operating
environments to enhance multitasking performance. For this
purpose, you should specify xx to be equal to the number of
programs to be run concurrently plus 2. The default value is 8.
If you do not run a multitasker, you can set MAPS=0.

~Item~ MEMORY=xxxxx, (ME or MEM), specifies the amount of 80386
extended memory that QEMM uses both for itself and as expanded
memory. xxxxx should be in the range 128 to 32128, representing
an allocation of 128K to 32128K. If the MEMORY parameter is
omitted, QEMM takes all of the available extended memory.

~Item~ NOEMS tells QEMM not to provide any expanded memory
services at all, even for multitasking. It is only useful if you
want to load a different expanded memory manager, but you still
want to use QEMM for its other features.

~Item~ NOPAUSEONERROR, (NOPE), tells QEMM not to pause on an
error. QEMM usually displays a "Press any key to continue, ESC to
abort" message after parsing command line instructions if there
are parameter errors. This instructs QEMM386.SYS not to display
the message. When an instruction causes QEMM386.SYS to generate
the above error, and when the error generated has been shown not
to cause any disruption of the system, use the NOPE instruction.

~Item~ NOVIDEORAM, (NVR), restricts QEMM from automatically
creating high RAM in mappable memory in the video area
(640K-736K). When using Monochrome, Hercules, or CGA video
adapters, QEMM-386 normally fills the unused memory areas between
640K and 736K with memory and raises the DOS upper memory limit
to 704K or 736K. This process is called "video filling". If you
do not want the DOS memory limit increased, then you must specify
NOVIDEOFILL. The video areas will be treated as high RAM if
NOVIDEOFILL and RAM are specified. If you do not want the area
treated as high RAM, then you may specify NOVIDEORAM which will
prevent any area below C000 not explicitly specified as high RAM
from becoming high RAM. Most people will not need to use this
parameter; it is intended to make VIDRAMEGA and VIDRAMEMS easier
to understand.

~Item~ NOWINDOWS3,(NW3), disables the features built into
QEMM-386 which support the running of Windows 3.0 in protected
modes. Windows 3.0 would still be able to run in real mode with
this parameter set. Using this parameter reduces QEMM-386's
conventional memory overhead by about 1K.

~Item~ OFF, (OF), see AUTO|ON|OFF.

~Item~ ON see AUTO|ON|OFF.

~Item~ PAUSE tells QEMM386.SYS to pause the display when
outputting messages. The PAUSE command permits you to hit the
"Esc" key to stop QEMM386.SYS from installing. This is useful
when trying out new parameters, so you can abort the load if
there was an error.  Note that if there is an error on the
QEMM386.SYS command line, QEMM will automatically pause to show
you the source of the error.

~Item~ VIDRAMEGA, (VREGA), instructs QEMM that the video area is
not to be considered mappable. This is equivalent to the option:

     EXCLUDE=A000-BFFF

 Use this switch when you intend to extend DOS' available memory
using the VIDRAM program and want to use the memory already
available on the video adapter board (EGA/VGA). With this
setting, you preserve your complement of expanded memory at the
cost of using the much slower memory from the video adapter. See
Chapter 7: The VIDRAM Program.

~Item~ VIDRAMEMS, (VREMS), instructs QEMM to fill the video
memory area, but not to extend DOS' memory or convert video RAM
to high RAM. This will put fast memory into the video area and
preserve it for the VIDRAM program to manage as needed. This
switch is
equivalent to the following QEMM switches:

     I = A000-AFFF NOVIDEOFILL NOVIDEORAM

 See also the QEMM switches: NOVIDEORAM and VIDRAMEGA, and
Chapter 7: The VIDRAM Program.

 Note: VIDRAMEMS should not be used with versions of DESQview
prior to Version 2.26. Also be alert to possible problems related
to this option when using other applications that make extensive
use of expanded memory.

~Item~ WATCHDOG=0,1, or 2, (WD),  specifies the type of watchdog
timer set. In the DESQview Change a Program "Protection level
(0-3)" setting, level one represents protection against programs
which lock interrupts for too long. Watching for locked
interrupts depends on the existence of certain hardware. There
are two different kinds of hardware that QEMM386.SYS supports to
perform the "WATCHDOG" timer feature. One is on PS/2s and another
is on Compaq Deskpro 386 computers. By default QEMM386.SYS tries
to determine which hardware to use. The WD switch is for a
machine which "clones" one or the other of the above mentioned
features. WD=0 means no watchdog timer; WD=1 means PS/2-style;
WD=2 means Compaq-style.

~Subhead~ Problem-solving Parameters

 Described below are those QEMM386.SYS command line parameters
that should be used only when you are experiencing problems.

~Item~ COMPAQ386S, (C386S), identifies the PC as a Compaq 386S.
QEMM will normally be able to automatically identify the Compaq
386S if Compaq's Setup program version 6.02 or greater has been
run. If you are not using this version, then this switch is
necessary in order for QEMM to perform the correct optimizations.
After using version 6.02 or greater of Compaq's Setup program,
you will not need this switch.

~Item~ DISKBUF=xx, (DB),  specifies the size of the SCSI disk
buffer, in K. Because of the special way that SCSI devices access
memory, QEMM's normal DMA buffering is not adequate. QEMM can
optionally use a separate SCSI buffer for fixed disk accesses.
This parameter specifies the size of this buffer. The larger the
buffer, the better the disk performance, at the expense of
conventional memory use.

~Item~ DMA=xxx, (DM), specifies the length of the maximum DMA
transfer that can performed. xxx must be in the range 12 to 128,
representing a maximum length of 12K to 128K. The default is 64K
on PS/2 and XT architecture machines, 12K on others.

~Item~ DONTUSEXMS, (DUX), instructs QEMM to not attempt to
acquire any memory through the use of XMS interface calls to a
previously loaded XMS driver.

~Item~ GETSIZE, (GS), an internal parameter set by OPTIMIZE. QEMM
does not reside in high RAM, so it always returns zero.

~Item~ HANDLES=xxx, (HA), specifies the number of handles
available. xxx must be in the range 16 to 255. Each application
which uses expanded memory requires at least one handle. Some
applications require extra handles. The default is 64 which
should be adequate for most purposes. Larger values increase the
amount of extended memory used by QEMM. Each HANDLE requires 28
bytes of extended memory.


~Item~ IGNOREA20, (IA), tells QEMM not to trap the 8042. By
default, QEMM386.SYS traps the 8042 ports for the purpose of
detecting programs which attempt to manipulate the state of the
A20 line. Programs do this to access extended memory. However,
sometimes keyboard problems arise as a result. The IA instruction
disables support of HIMEM.SYS, but it may serve to remove some
keyboard-related problems as a trade-off. QEMM-386 supports XMS,
and so there is no good reason to load HIMEM.SYS.

~Item~ IOTRAP=xx, instructs QEMM to revert to an older method of
monitoring I/O port address access and usage. In the older
architecture, I/O port addresses were by convention replicated
after a certain interval throughout the I/O port address space.
The newer architecture assigns I/O ports more explicitly. QEMM is
prepared to assume the older convention if you find that
necessary. The value of xx should be 1 or 64, where 64 instructs
QEMM to assume the older convention.

~Item~ LABEL, (LB), an internal switch used by OPTIMIZE.

~Item~ LOCKDMA, (LD), instructs QEMM to allow interrupts to
remain disabled during DMA transfers. QEMM normally will attempt
to keep interrupts enabled as much as possible. This switch is
provided specifically for the 10-Net network program which
requires that interrupts remain disabled during DMA transfer set
up.

~Item~ NOCOMPAQFEATURES, (NCF), disables use of EGAROM, HALFROM,
and ROMMEMORY on a Compaq computer. If QEMM detects a Compaq
computer, it turns on all three Compaq parameters  (COMPAQEGAROM,
COMPAQHALFROM, and COMPAQROMMEMORY). You can turn them all off by
specifying NOCOMPAQFEATURES. After turning all features off, you
may turn each on separately.

~Item~ NOFILL, (NO), specifies that QEMM386.SYS should not fill
conventional memory below 640K. This option is only meaningful if
your machine has less than 640K of conventional memory. If it
does, QEMM normally fills in this missing memory, up to 640K from
extended memory. NOFILL specifies not to do this. If QEMM fills
conventional memory, the initial state ON is forced and cannot be
overridden. NOFILL also prevents video filling (see NOVIDEOFILL).

~Item~ NOHMA instructs QEMM to consider the HMA already
allocated. If there is an XMS driver loaded before QEMM and the
HMA is already allocated, you should use this switch or NOXMS.

~Item~ NOROM, (NR), tells QEMM not to map the reboot page of the
system ROM. QEMM normally maps one 4K page of the system ROM in
order to detect reboots. QEMM386.SYS can often detect re-boots
without this process. In this case, you may specify NOROM and
save 4K of memory.

~Item~ NOROMHOLES, (NRH), disables QEMM's automatic detection of
ROM holes, or unused addresses in ROM. Many system ROMS which are
addressed between F000 and FFFF have large unused areas.
QEMM386.SYS automatically detects unused areas and includes them.
However, sometimes QEMM386.SYS's auto-detection does not work,
due to some areas that appear unused when they are tested but are
used later. If you experience problems where the system functions
properly at first, and then has problems later, use this option
and then check the areas specified by the QEMM.COM ANALYSIS
report.

~Item~ NOSHADOWRAM, (NOSH), tells QEMM not to use shadow RAM. PCs
with the Chips & Technologies 386 chip set or NEAT chip set put
the 384K of reserved memory in low memory with an I/O port-
selectable method of getting at some of it. QEMM automatically
determines if your PC has this capability. If QEMM fails at
startup, it may be that this and detection failed the NOSH
parameter is necessary.

~Item~ NOSORT, (NS), specifies that memory should not be sorted
by speed. QEMM normally tests the speed of all conventional
memory and all available extended memory, and uses the fastest
memory first. Using NOSORT forces QEMM to use the memory in the
order it finds it. The sorted memory is used to replace the
initial 640K
conventional memory, QEMM code and page tables, fill the video
area, ROM mapping, RAM filling and expanded memory. QEMM gets its
memory starting from the highest memory address possible for the
amount specified in MEMORY (with a default of all). If
conventional memory is remapped into faster memory, the initial
state ON is forced and cannot be overridden.

~Item~ NOTOKENRING, (NTR), instructs QEMM to not attempt to
detect the presence of a Token Ring Adapter. Token Ring Adapter
boards generally do not follow the established custom by which
peripheral adapter hardware is recognized as installed. QEMM will
attempt to identify a Token Ring Adapter by other means in order
to make this area of memory excluded automatically. It is
possible that this alternate method may interfere with or disrupt
another installed adapter. If this is the case on your system,
you should use this switch and explicitly EXCLUDE the area used
by your Token Ring Adapter if you have one.

~Item~ NOTOPMEMORY, (NT), tells QEMM not to look for top memory.
Some PCs put 384K of memory just below the top of the standard AT
16 megabyte address space (384K below). QEMM386.SYS automatically
looks there to determine if there is any memory. If there is
memory, QEMM386.SYS will make it available for use. Sometimes a
conflict occurs when QEMM386.SYS looks at the top of the memory
space, perhaps because something is already using that area or
memory, or perhaps because the hardware design of the computer
does not like having software attempt to access this areas. In
these cases, NT instructs QEMM386.SYS not to use (or look for)
any memory at the top of the memory space. If your computer hangs
when it boots, try the NT instruction.

~Item~ NOVDS, disables QEMM support of the Virtual DMA Services
specification which defines the interaction between a 386 memory
manager and a Bus Master device.

~Item~ NOVIDEOFILL, (NV), specifies that the memory area from
A000 to B7FF is not to be filled with conventional memory. This
option is normally only meaningful on monochrome and CGA PCs.  On
these systems QEMM will add memory from 640K (A000) to the bottom
of the video adapter card (either B000 for monochrome or B800 for
CGA) and adjust the memory size of DOS accordingly.

~Item~ NOXBDA, (NX), specifies that QEMM should not move the
extended BIOS data area. On machines that have one, QEMM386.SYS
automatically moves the eXtended BIOS Data Area (XBDA), which is
normally at 639K, into the addresses used by QEMM386.SYS.
QEMM386.SYS does this because the XBDA presents an obstacle to
proper memory management. If a program which is running on a PS/2
model 80 or other PC with an XBDA encounters difficulty, it may
be assuming (erroneously) that the XBDA is at 639K. The NX
instruction disables this feature.


~Item~ NOXMS instructs QEMM not to be an extended memory manager.
Normally QEMM provides extended memory specification (XMS)
services.

~Item~ OLDDV, (ODV), specifies that QEMM should be compatible
with DESQview 1.3 and 2.00. This results in QEMM using 4K to 8K
more conventional memory. DESQview 2.01 and above do not require
this parameter.

~Item~ REGION, (R), an internal parameter set by OPTIMIZE. QEMM
does not reside in high RAM, so it always ignores this switch.

~Item~ TASKS= xx (TA), sets the number of internal QEMM386.SYS
data structures, used to handle interrupts out of protected mode.
There are 16 TASKs by default. Each TASK requires 384 bytes of
extended memory.

~Item~ UNUSUAL8042, (U8),  specifies that the computer has a
"non-standard" 8042 keyboard controller. Use this option if
setting QEMM386.SYS to ON or running DESQview disables the
keyboard.

~Item~ UNUSUALEXT,  (UX), tells QEMM that the method of
determining the amount  of extended memory is non-standard. If
QEMM hangs at boot time, this switch could help. This switch
sometimes makes QEMM.COM's Memory report on extended memory
inaccurate.